Fungal diseases, for example, have great potential to influence the structure and stand composition of the vegetation in plant communities and ecosystems harper 1990. Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, viroids, virus like organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and. To properly identify a disease, one must look for the signs of the pathogen. The general structure of a bacterium can be seen in figure 2. Bacterial diseases bacteria are microscopic, singlecelled organisms bacte. Fungal diseases and their control australasian plant pathology. Plant diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, virus etc. Collectively, fungi and fungallike organisms flos cause more plant diseases than any other group of plant pest with over 8,000 species shown. In humans, fungal infections occur when an invading fungus takes over an area of the body and is too much for the immune system to. Plant disease, an impairment of the normal state of a plant that interrrupts or modifies its vital functions. Factor which are most responsible for disease in plant is answer. Species of pythium and rhizoctonia are most important among the fungi which cause damping off disease of seedlings. It infects the seed and decays it, thus affecting the growth and vigor of the whole plant. Ppt plant diseases powerpoint presentation free to download id.
Symptom are the expression of the disease caused by the manifestation of the physiological reaction of the plant due to harmful activity of the pathogen sign physical evidence of the presence of disease agent e. Symptoms include an infected plant developing watersoaked dark scratches on leaves, stems or fruit. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect. Systematics of plant pathogenic fungi why it matters. They are responsible for a great deal of damage and are characterized by wilting, scabs, moldy coatings, rusts, blotches and rotted tissue. Fungi are microscopic organisms that reproduce by means of spores. Fungi and plant disease gardening solutions university.
History also provides some perspective on the impacts of plant disease. Generally, an ebook can be downloaded in five minutes or less. Common plant diseases and pests north dakota state. Fungi are one of the living organisms that can cause plant disease and are the cause of about eightyfive percent of all plant diseases. Fungal parasites are by far the most prevalent plant. Pathogenic fungi have direct and indirect and overt and subtle effects on their environments. Fungi can cause diseases such as corn smut which destroys corn kernels. Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, viroids, viruslike organisms, phytoplasmas, protozoa, nematodes and parasitic plants. A sign of the pathogen is the presence of the pathogen itself. Important plant pathogenic organisms different groups fungi, bacteria, fastidious vesicular bacteria, phytoplasmas, spiroplasmas, viruses, viriods, algae, protozoa and phanerogamic parasites with examples of diseases caused by them. Fungi can live in the air, soil, water, and plants.
Most plant diseases are caused by fungi and most of them tend to become a problem, especially during the wet weather season. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. General symptoms of plant diseases with diagram botany. Usually, farmers are worried about the financial losses that plant diseases can cause because of reduced quantity andor quality of the product. Some of fungal diseases can cause up to 100% loss in crops. Dec 19, 2012 a symptom of plant disease is a visible effect of disease on the plant. View and download powerpoint presentations on plant diseases classification ppt. This is the seventh fact sheet in a series of ten designed to provide an overview of key concepts in plant pathology.
Spores form and are released from the gills under the mushroom cap which is how a mushroom reproduces. In fungi, one can often see the actual fungal growth. Plant diseases plant disease is an impairment of normal state of a plant that interrupts or modifies its vital functions. Fungal infection of plants article pdf available in the plant cell 810. Fungal spores are spread by agents such as water and wind to other plants. Infectious plant diseases are caused by living biotic agents, or pathogens. Chart and diagram slides for powerpoint beautifully designed chart and diagram s for powerpoint with visually stunning graphics and animation effects.
Roughly 80 percent of all plant diseases come from fungi. Zoospores of the phytopathogenic fungi pythium and phytophthora are attracted to plant roots and root exudates. Following discovery of the causes of plant diseases in the early 19th century, our growing understanding of the interactions of pathogen and host has enabled us to develop a wide array of measures for the control of specific plant diseases the goal of plant disease management is to reduce the economic and aesthetic damage caused by plant diseases. Mosquitos act as the vector for the malaria protist. Symptoms may include a detectable change in color, shape or function of the plant as it responds to the pathogen. Anthracnoseit is a disease caused by colletotrichum or gloeosporium fungi which occur in warm and humid areas.
A plant disease caused by a fungal pathogen is often recognisable from the particular plant organ infected and the type of symptom produced. Disease causing microorganism in plants class 8, micro. Many plant diseases are caused by pathogens,disease causing agents are called pathogens. Agronanotechnology for plant fungal disease management. Learn more about the importance, transmission, diagnosis, and control of plant diseases. Infectious plant diseases are caused by living organisms that attack and obtain their nutrition from the plant they infect. Infectious plant diseases are caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses and can range in severity from mild leaf or fruit damage to death. Plant diseases can be caused by fungi, funguslike organisms flo, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, or parasitic seed plants. The project explains in brief fungal and bacterial and and the. There are volumes of literature stating the in vitro activity of agnps against several fungi, but very few researchers have paid attention to the application of agnps as antifungal compounds in controlling plant diseases in. Development and severity depend greatly on the presence of a film of water on the plant tissue and on high humidity in air during cool or warm. Fungi and funguslike organisms fungi and funguslike organisms wa ter molds are the most common infectious organisms causing plant disease. How the pathogen spreads 0 the late blight pathogen produces spores infective propagules during cool, wet weather 0 spores are microscopic and lemonshaped 0 moved by wind, especially during thunderstorms 0 requires 12 hrs leaf wetness to infect dew, mist, fog, rain 0 57 days from infection to symptoms and production of new spores 0 fragile, killed by hot dry weather.
What are the 2 plants disease caused by soil fungi. The wilting due to a disease is permanent and eventually leads to death of the plant. Because of the shear number of plant diseases caused by fungi and the huge diversity in how plant pathogenic fungi cause disease, it is. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. Compare fungi and protists introduce rose black spot pupils write advice to prevent rose black spot introduce malaria and the protist life cycle pupils annotate the life cycle with ways that malaria can be eradicated write a spe. One of the most notable historical impacts of plant disease was caused by late blight of potato. Disease causing organisms include fungi, oomycetes funguslike organisms called water molds, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, phytoplasmas, and parasitic seed. Many of these organisms are microsome of these organisms have the.
The following is a list of some of the major plant diseases, grouped by type of causative agent and ordered alphabetically. They affect a plants ability to compete for limited. They develop in humid conditions and are often microscopic, growing on both living and dead. It mostly occurs in the eastern regions of the united states. At the end of this lecture the student should be able to. More than 100,000 species of fungi have been classified and include molds, mildews, and mushrooms. It has another claim to fame as the first virus imaged with an electron microscope. Fungi fungi are composed of living filaments called hyphae need an outside food source pathogens of plants and animals, sometimes 300,000 species of fifungi dibddescribed. Chemical control strategies that may be required are updated annually in the osu extension agents handbook of insect, plant disease and weed control circular e832. This page is designed to help identify some of the more common plant diseases and provides earthfriendly solutions see organic. Plant disease basics and diagnosis penn state extension. A plant disease can also be defined as any problem with the plant that leads to a reduction in yield or appearance. Many plant diseases are caused by pathogens, disease causing agents are called pathogens. A bacterium contains cytoplasm surrounded by a cell membrane and a cell wall.
Apr 01, 2020 plant disease, an impairment of the normal state of a plant that interrrupts or modifies its vital functions. It is important to remember that a positive diagnosis of a plant disease is often difficult or nearly impossible on the basis of symptoms alone. Downy mildews exclusively belong to peronosporaceae. Plant pathology is the study of plant disease including the reasons why plants get sick and how to control or manage healthy plants.
Our new crystalgraphics chart and diagram slides for powerpoint is a collection of over impressively designed datadriven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience. Only those with cell wall containing chitin are classified as true fungi. Plant diseases can be classified as infectious or noninfectious. There are many plant diseases caused by fungi, like mildew, smuts, rusts, etc. A symptom of plant disease is a visible effect of disease on the plant. Fungi are like plant cells without the chloroplasts. Aphids spread it, and they cause physical damage to the plant, which allows entry of the virus via wind, splashing or dripping sap. The drooping of the entire plant due to loss of turgidity is a common symptom of disease. Guidelines for identification and management of plant disease problems.
The yield and quality of plants are reduced by a wide array of plant diseases a plant disease is the complex of symptoms caused by a pathogen on a plant. Leaf wilting is a typical symptom of verticilium wilt, caused by the fungal plant pathogens verticillium alboatrum and v. Fungi are eukaryotes with cell walls that give them their shape. This lesson planpowerpoint presentation contains all the activities and resources within one file. However, over 20,000 species of fungi are parasites and cause disease in crops and plants usepa 2005. Plant diseases uk college of agriculture university of kentucky. How the pathogen spreads 0 the late blight pathogen produces spores infective propagules during cool, wet weather 0 spores are microscopic and lemonshaped 0 moved by wind, especially during thunderstorms 0 requires 12 hrs leaf wetness to infect dew, mist, fog, rain 0 57 days from infection to symptoms and production of new spores 0 fragile, killed by hot dry weather and uv. Nov 15, 2018 in humans, fungal infections occur when an invading fungus takes over an area of the body and is too much for the immune system to handle.
The virus spreads through entry into breaks of cell walls caused by insects or other physical damage. However, other serious diseases of food and feed crops are caused by viral and bacterial organisms. List of diseases in crops or plants caused by fungi, bacteria. Lesson 9 diseases caused by fungi and protists default. Classification of plant disease plant pathology classification of plant disease on the basis of symptoms on the basis of organs they attack on the basis of parts on the basis of.
Guidelines for identification and management of plant disease. One of the most famous vascular wilts is panama disease of bananas, caused by. They are actually cells that consist of a membranebound nucleus and are devoid. These pathogens can be spread from an infected plant or plant debris to a healthy plant. List of diseases in plants caused by viruses healthfully. A brief list of plant diseases caused by fungi gardenerdy. Plant pathology also phytopathology is the scientific study of diseases in plants caused by pathogens infectious organisms and environmental conditions physiological factors. A plant disease is an abnormality in the structure andor function of the host plant cells andor tissue as a result of a continuous irritation caused by a pathogenic agent or an environmental factor. Microorganisms that cause plant diseases include nematodes, fungi, bacteria, and mycoplasmas.
Fungi belong to a large and diverse group of microorganisms. Cooperative extension service university of kentucky. The parasitic organism that causes disease is referred to as a pathogen. Diagnosing plant diseases caused by fungi, bacteria and viruses1 ken pernezny, monica elliott, aaron palmateer, and nikol havranek2 1. Disease causing microorganism in plants some of the common plant diseases caused by microorganism are. Plant loss to homeowners may result in frustration and minor monetary cost. Rust of wheat, citrus canker,yellow vein mosaic of bhindi 1the plant disease called rust of wheat is caused by fungi. Staff meeting presentation cornell plant disease diagnostic clinic. Bacterial hereditary material is found in the cytoplasm. Pathogenic fungi have an enormous impact on human health. Fungi are responsible for approximately twothird of the infectious plant diseases. Feb 05, 2017 content is for the new aqa gcse biology specification. Mar, 2017 most plant diseases are caused by fungi and most of them tend to become a problem, especially during the wet weather season.
A plant disease is a dynamic process where a living or nonliving entity interferes with the normal functions of a plant over a period of time. Fungi and plant disease gardening solutions university of. These include skin and nail infections such as athletes foot and ringworm, predominantly caused by dermatophytes trichophyton, microsporum and epidermophyton species. Damping off this is a disease that infects the seedling of the plant, caused by different fungi pythium and phytophthora being some of them. Annette pickford, giuseppe macino, in applied mycology and biotechnology, 2005. Ppt plant disease epidemiology powerpoint presentation.
Content is for the new aqa gcse biology specification. Common diseases of tomatoes part ii diseases caused by. Plant pathology intro a plant pathologist is a person who studies plant diseases and works to diagnose and control them. List of diseases in crops or plants caused by fungi.
Phytopathogenic fungi an overview sciencedirect topics. Cooperative extension service university of kentucky college. Find powerpoint presentations and slides using the power of, find free presentations research about plant diseases classification ppt. Thus the causative microorganism of rust of wheat disease is fungus. Plant diseases are caused by both infectious fungi, bacteria, viruses and nematodes and non infectious agents mineral deficiency, sun burns etc. Most people are aware of some of the superficial infections caused by fungi. General characters of fungi definition of fungus, somatic structures, types of fungal thalli, fungal tissues. Agricultural sciences fungal plant diseases in europe and in the mediterranean basin angelo porta puglia, giovanni vannacci encyclopedia of life support systems eolss although lucretius referred plant disorders to excess of sun or moisture, these phenomena were mostly considered manifestations of the wrath of gods for human sins.
Also can cause wheat rust which affects wheat fields. Ppt plant disease powerpoint presentation free to view. A detailed project on plant diseases,causes, symptoms and control measures with. Guidelines for identification and management of plant. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. Extremely destructive fungal disease of potatoes attack both tubers. This document is pp249, one of a series of the plant pathology department, ufifas extension. Development and severity depend greatly on the presence of a film of water on the plant tissue and on high humidity in air during cool or warm periods. Ppt plant diseases powerpoint presentation free to. Plant diseases can be classified as infectious or noninfectious, depending on the causative agent.